Khanty-Mansiysk Autunomous Okrug Yugra
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (historical name Yugra) is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen region), which is located in the Urals Federal District. The general territory was known as Yugra. The Okrug is situated in the medial part of Russia. It occupies the central part of the West Siberian plain. In the North the Okrug borders with the Yamalo-Nenetsky Autonomous Okrug, in the North-West - with the Republic of Komi, in the South-West - with the Sverdlovsk Region, in the South - with the Tobolsk and Uvatsk Districts of the Tyumen Region, in the South-East and the East - with the Tomsk Region and Krasnoyarsky Krai.
Overview
- The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug was founded on December, 10, 1930 as the Ostyako-Vogulsky National Okrug. In 1942, it was renamed Autonomous District of the Khanty and Mansis.
- Region territory: 534.8 thousand km2
- Population: 1504.9 thousand people.
- Administrative center: Khanty-Mansiysk
- Distance from Khanty-Mansiysk to Moscow: 2759 km
- Urban population: 90.9%
- Number of historical and architectural monuments: over 4,000
Time zone
The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is located in the Yekaterinburg Time Zone (YEKT/YEKST). UTC offset is +5:00 (YEKT)/+6:00 (YEKST).
Climate
The climate is sharply continental. The average temperature in January is from -18 up to -24 Co, the average temperature in July is from +15,7 up to +18,4 Co. The annual amount of precipitation is 400-500 mm. The height of snow cover achieves 50 - 80 sm. The maximal amount of precipitation is in July that is approximately 15 % of the annual amount.
Natural resources
The Okrug is located within the limits of one natural zone - forest zone. The basic part of the Okrug territory is occupied by swamped taiga. Among swamps and forests there are more than 25 ths. lakes. The two greatest rivers of Russia - the Ob and Irtysh flow on the territory of the Okrug from the south to the north.
Yugra is possessed of great natural resources. The woods are very valuable and at the same time preserve and nurse fur-bearing animals and forest-birds. The basins of water contain valuable species of fish, attract the water-fowl. For many centuries the life of the native population has depended on fishing and hunting.
The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra possesses significant timber resources. The total area of the forest resources on January 1, 2007, in the Okrug amounted to 48 926.4 ths. ha, including 27 781.4 ths. ha of lands, covered with vegetation. The total forest density accounts for 3 096.1 million cubic m, including 2 498,25 million cubic m of softwood. Forests are divided into the groups as follows regarding the sorts: coniferous wood - pine, fir, cider, larch, silver fir; deciduous forest - aspen, birch. The reserve which can be used is 2 017.46 million cubic m, including 1 552.46 million cubic m of mature and overripe wood, 1 104.18 million cubic m of them are coniferous forests.
The estimated wood-cutting area allows to cut 29 228,6 ths. cubic m annually, including 15 759.5 ths. cubic m of coniferous sorts.
At present the Okrug is the main oil and gas-bearing region of the Russian Federation. The largest oil and gas deposits in the Okrug are Samotlorskoe, Fedorovskoe, Mamontovskoe and Priobskoe.
The placer gold, vein quartz and collection raw materials are extracted in the Okrug. On the territory of the Okrug the fields of brown and black coal were discovered. Iron-ore deposits, copper, zinc, lead, niobium, tantalum, the manifestations of bauxite, etc. were discovered as well. The deposits of decorative stone, brick-claydite clays and construction sands are at the stage of preparation. On the territory of the Okrug adjacent to the Urals the rocks with a high filter and absorbent properties were discovered. Among them there are volcanic formations and other specimen of rocks.
The exploited reserves of mineral (iodine-bromide) waters are prospected and recognized.
Economy
Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is one of the most productive regions of Russia provided with resources. Takings of its rapidly developing but unstable oil-producing sector which comprises approximately 60% of Russian oil production is the basis of its budget. Although approximately 1% of the Russian population (1.5 million people) live on the Okrug territory the quota of gross domestic product amounted to 7.7%
Investment climate
In spite of future changes in the legislation, the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is keeping favorable investment climate.In 2002-2003 the Autonomous Okrug took the 2d place (after Moscow) regarding capital investments (including direct and portfolio investments) and the provision of the regional budget with its own revenues.
On March 9, 2007 the Standard & Poor`s Ratings Services increased its "BB+" long-term foreign currency credit rating to the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra to "BBB-" and its Russian national scale rating "ruAA" to "ruAAA". The outlook is "Positive".
- The following criteria are among the important criteria which positively distinguish the Okrug from others Russian regions:
- political stability in the region;
- huge stocks of different natural resources;
- high energetic potential;
- succession of economic reforms;
- high potential of customer demand of the population;
- developed structure of up-to-date means of communication.
The basic branches and the major products
The enterprises of the Okrug let out following production: fuel and energy minerals; gravel, sand and kaolin production; electric energy generation and distribution; wood processing and wooden articles production; metal articles production; publishing and polygraphic industry; chemicals production; electrical equipment production (repair); rubbers and plastics production; mineral oil production; shoes making; food production; garments production and etc.
Oil and gas industry. The majority of the oil produced in Russia giving the region great economic importance. The volume of oil, extracted from the subsoils of the Okrug, makes 57 % of all oil produced in the Russian Federation and 7.2 % of the world oil production; and the volume of gas makes only 4% of all gas, extracted in the Russian Federation.
- The leaders on oil production are as follows:
- Oil Company "LUKoil"
- Joint-stock company "Surgutneftegas"
- Oil Company "RosNeft"
- Joint-stock company "Yuganskneftegas"
- Oil Company "YUKOS"
- TNK - ยะ Management
- Oil Company "Slavneft"
- Oil Company "Russneft"
- Oil Company "Sibneft"
Electric-power industry is an important branch of the economic complex of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra. Electric-power enterprises work is a process of firing, electric and heat power generation and transportation from generative resources to consumers.
- Electric-power industry of the Autonomous Okrug is divided into centralized sector, based on the large power stations, and decentralized sector based on the independent diesel and gas-turbine power stations, regarding the type of functioning and development. The largest regional hydroelectric power stations as follows generate the largest quota of power generation on the territory of the Autonomous Okrug:
- Joint-stock company "Surgutskaya GRES-1" (supervised by the second generated company of the wholesale power market (OGK-2),
- Joint-stock company "Surgutskaya GRES-2" (supervised by OGK-4),
- Joint-stock company "Nizhnevartovskaya GRES" (supervised by OGK-1).
Approximately 2% of power energy on the territory of the Autonomous Okrug is generated by diesel and gas-turbine power stations including gas-turbine power station which were put into operation at the deposits. Joint-stock company "Tyumenenergo" which is within the structure of the Joint-stock company "Interregional distributing network company of Ural and Volga" is an owner of network property and it transports power energy.
Timber industry complex of the Autonomous Okrug comprises logging enterprises and companies of wood-processing industry. The total number of enterprises, which main kind of registered activity is logging and wood processing, is 130, including 13 large and middle enterprises, it proves a low level of industry concentration.
Two large vertically integrated structures as follows have been founded to enlarge the production: the Joint-stock company "Yugorsky lesopromyshlenny holding, Joint-stock company "Koda les", Joint-stock company "Surgutmebel" and Joint-stock company "LPK MDF".
Agroindustrial complex: cattle-breeding (cows, pigs, horses, sheep and goats, deer, silver-black foxes, poultry); milk production, production of eggs; fish catching and fish food production (including tinned goods); plant growing (potato, other vegetables).
Tourism. The Okrug is a unique place where the monuments of ancient history, towns, burial grounds, archeological complexes and vast taiga expanses are situated. The Okrug Government pays much attention to the tourism industry development, staking on the event, sports, ethnographic, hunting, fishing and cruise tourism. It is hard to overestimate the wealth of the Okrug flora and fauna, iniquity of many natural factors, including the underwater thermal sources.
Infrastructure
Highways. The length of highways in the Autonomous Okrug is over 18 ths.km, including over 13 ths.km of hard-surface. The main automobile highway, connecting the Okrug with other territories of Russia, passes through Nefteyugansk, Tobolsk and Tyumen.
On territory two of 18 basic road corridors of Russia "The Northern route" (Perm - Serov - Ivdel - Khanty-Mansiysk - Nefteyugansk - Surgut - Nizhnevartovsk - Tomsk) and "Siberian corridor" (Tyumen - Surgut - New Urengoi - Nadym - Salekhard) pass through the Okrug. The acting bridge transition over the Ob river and the bridge over the Irtysh river are on the way of these road corridors passage.
Water transport. The water transport takes a significant role in the economy development of the Autonomous Okrug. The most part of construction, raw mineral cargoes, including in the frameworks of the program of the North supply (80000-85000 tons) is delivered by water transport. The main river traffic is the river Ob and Irtysh. At present the length of water navigational route within the Okrug boundaries is 5 608 km, including 3 736 km of sideline and small rivers. The period of navigation lasts less than 6 months. The water ways connect the localities of the Okrug with the Siberian towns - large transport centers: Omsk, Tobolsk, Salekhard, Tomsk, Novosibirsk and have way to the sea lines. The largest shipping companies Irtyshskoe, Ob-Irtyshskoe and Zapadno-Irtyshskoe river steamship and Tomsk steamship company carry out cargoes transportation in the Okrug.
The main passenger carrier in the Okrug is the JSC "Severrechflot", founded in 1998 by the Government of the Autonomous Okrug to carry out the social order, i.e. to organize and carry out the passenger transportation by water transport in the Okrug, in which it is the only available mean of transportation.
Air transport. At present the civil aircraft complex of the Okrug is represented by 10 airports which carry out receipt and dispatch of the passengers and cargoes in and out of the Okrug. In the towns of Surgut, Khanty-Mansiysk, Nizhnevartovsk, Kogalym the airports have international status. The largest companies regarding the volume of works in the Okrug are as follows: JSC "Air company "UTair", JSC "Kogalymavia", JSC "Nizhnevartovsavia". The air crafts, located on the Okrug territories carry out flights on over 80 interregional and 10 international lines.
Railways. The trunk railway on the territory of the Okrug provides transport and economic communication with industrial areas of Russia and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The total trunk railway length in use is 1106 km. The railway in the Western part of the Okrug serves the timber industrial enterprises, in the North-West - oil and gas industry enterprises. The largest railway junctions are Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, Pyt-Yakh, Kogalym, Megion, Langepas, Nyagan, Ustie Akha (settlement of Mezgdurechensky), Probie.
Communication. Approximately 150 operators of communication of different departmental belongings and property forms, the largest of which are Khanty-Mansiysk branch of the JSC "Uralsvyazinform", branch of the federal state unitary enterprise "Rissoyskaya televisionnaya i radioveshchatelnaya set" "Uralo-Sibirsky regionalny zentr", branch "Tyumentransgas" Sredneobsky PTUS, JSC "Yugratel", Federal post board over the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - branch of the federal state unitary enterprise "Pochta Rossii" and some other companies operate on the Okrug territory.
- Leading operators as follows render mobile communications services:
- Joint-stock company "Uralsvyazinform", brand "Utel",
- Joint-stock company "MTS";
- Joint-stock company "Megafon";
- Joint-stock company "Vympel-Com", brand "Beeline".
Wide national and international roaming with over 800 countries of the world is opened for the owners of mobile telephones.
External links
http://www.admhmao.ru/ - Official website of the public authorities Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug