Novgorod region
The Novgorod region (Novgorodskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia, which is located in the Northwestern Federal District. The region borders: in the southwest and the west - with the Pskov region, in the northwest and the north - with Leningrad region, in the northeast - with the Vologda region, in the east and the southeast - with the Tver region. Some of the oldest Russian cities, including Veliky Novgorod and Staraya Russa, are located there. The historic monuments of Veliky Novgorod are surroundings have been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Overview
- The Novgorod region was established on July 5, 1944.
- Region territory: 54.5 thousand km2
- Population: 652.4 thousand people.
- Administrative center: Veliky Novgorod
- Distance from Veliky Novgorod to Moscow: 540 km
- Urban population: 70.2%
- Number of historical and architectural monuments: over 4.800
Time zone
The Novgorod region is located in the Moscow Time Zone (MSK/MSD). UTC offset is +3:00 (MSK)/+4:00 (MSD).
Climate
The climate is moderately continental, with snowy winters and a short but rather hot summer. The average long-term temperature in January is -8.4°C; in July +17.6°C. The average annual precipitation is 540-750 mm. The growing season is 120-130 days.
Natural resources
Woods are the basic riches of the area; they borrow more than half of the territory of region. The wood zone of the Novgorod area shares on two subzones - a taiga and the mixed woods. Now woods borrow about 64 % of territory of area and are presented by three types: the coniferous, mixed and small-leaved woods (the pine, a fur-tree, a birch, an aspen, an oak prevail). The basic direction of structural reorganization of economy of area is complex use of wood resources. Settlement of deforestation makes 12 million m3.
In territory of the Novgorod region there are various minerals of a nonmetallic origin. 83 reconnoitered deposits of peat, brown coal, refractory clay, fire-resistant and building clay, bauxites, limestones, quartz and building sand, mineral paints have the greatest industrial value. Almost unlimited opportunities are available in increase in extraction of peat (639 deposits), 34 deposits of sapropel and 7 deposits of fresh underground waters are reconnoitered. The Novgorod area concerns to number of the areas of the European part of the Russian Federation richest with peat.
The region is rich with mineral and radonic sources, medical dirts (resort widely known from XIX century "Staraya Russa"). On a degree of development of drinking underground mineral waters, the Novgorod region is the basic leader in Northwest area. Deposits of medical sapropel of lakes "Staroselskoe" (Valdai area) and "Small Rakitinskoe" (Hvojninsk area) which in the further can be used for the organization of sanatorium treatment are reconnoitered.
To last years actively there is a process of revealing of new deposits. Geological studying sites of bowels are planned for oil, diamonds and manganese.
Economy
The Novgorod region economic complex is a combination of companies of regional significance (forestry, power) and specialized companies (radio engineering and chemical industries). The largest industrial centers are Veliky Novgorod (specialized machine engineering, electrical and radio engineering, chemical industry, nitrogen fertilizer production, food industry, ship repair yard, and sawmill); Staraya Russa (instrument making and chemical engineering); and Borovichi (ceramics and glass production).
Novgorod Oblast is noted for its science- and labor-intensive sectors, particularly the chemical and forest industries. The engineering and metalworking, electronics, chemical, forest, woodworking, and pulp and paper industries produce nearly half of the oblast's marketable commodities.
Investment climate
- In the Novgorod region there are following conditions for investors:
Favorable geographical position between Moscow and St.-Petersburg, two largest cities of the country, nearby from borders with the countries of region of Baltic Sea, entering into the European Union- modern system of telecommunications;
- developed infrastructure of service of business;
- presence of the market of the qualified labors;
- existence of the secondary market of the ground;
- political stability;
- constructive cooperation of legislative and executive branches of authority;
- steady and continuous character of economic transformations spent to region;
- support on own forces and independence of economic policy, at forming constructive attitudes with the federal center;
- tax privileges to investors;
- low level of the investment risk provided by system of guarantees from regional Administration;
- presence in territory of area of 4 zones of economic preference;
- wide choice of the ground areas provided by a necessary infrastructure for accommodation of manufacture;
- availability all potential areas to highways with a firm covering and railways;
- presence of the main gas mains and an oil pipeline.
The basic branches and the major products
The chemical industry is the Novgorod region's leading economic sector, accounting for 31.4% of total industrial output. Products include fertilizers, general rubber goods, synthetic resins, plastics, paints, pharmaceuticals, and household chemicals. Fertilizer companies using both local and imported raw materials produce nitrogen fertilizers (Novgorod Chemical Plant).
The engineering industry accounts for 11%+ of all industrial production. It is characterized by science- and labor-intensive production specializing in the output of sophisticated high-precision machines and equipment, electrical equipment, electronics and radioelectronics, instrument making, and shipbuilding, which developed as a result of the region's maritime location. Production of equipment for the chemical industry has also been established.
The forestry complex, which includes the forest, woodworking, and pulp and paper industries, produces 10.9% of the region's industrial goods. Lumber, plywood, and furniture are some of the products of the woodworking industry. Most of the materials for the wood processing industry are supplied from neighboring regions and republics of Northern district.
The development prospects of the forestry complex are tied to high-end timber processing, greater competitiveness of output products, forest regeneration, and improvements in the region's ecological situation.
Along with specialized sectors, there are others that supplement the economic complex, such as the power industry, which accounts for 16.5% of industrial output. The power industry is represented by low- and medium-power thermal and hydroelectric power plants, including a hydroelectric power plant on the Volkhov River. All the plants are integrated into the Northwestern unified energy system and connected with the unified energy system of European Russia. The metallurgical industry is another supplementary sector.
Light industry is represented mainly by the textile, leather shoe, and ceramics industries.
The industrial construction complex has interregional significance. Companies in this sector are located in large and medium-sized cities with access to main highways. They produce reinforced concrete components and structures and other building materials. The glass industry is also well developed in the Novgorod region.
Agroindustrial complex. Leading branch of the agricultural organizations of the Novgorod region is the animal industries: cattle breeding, cultivation of pigs, poultry farming, The enterprises also concern to branch on processing milk, meat, a fish, horse-racing schools, a facilities on cultivation of fur animals.
Plant growing is a key economic branch for development of animal industries, therefore in collective farms the big attention is given forage crops and long-term grasses. Also grow up grain, a potato, flax and vegetables.
Tourism. The Novgorod area one of the most ancient historical and cultural territories in Northwest also takes a special place in history of Russia. Thousand tourists from various cities and the countries visit the Novgorod region, admire with uniqueness and originality of monuments of history and culture. The most ancient and valuable are the monuments included in the List of the World heritage: a cultural layer, architectural ensembles: Antoniev monastery of XII-XIX centuries, Kremlin XI-XIX centuries, Yuriev monastery of XII-XIX centuries, Yaroslav’s Court yard of XII-XVIII centuries; totally 37 ensembles and monuments in territory of the Sofia and Trading party and suburbs of Great Novgorod.
Infrastructure
Transport, communication and infrastructure - rather favorable geographical and transport arrangement of region does necessary and perspective investments in development of an infrastructure of region, as central part of a transport corridor of the international scale - transport communications, development and saturation of a communication network of telecommunications, a logistical infrastructure, including creations of terminals, warehouses, service services.
Highways. The basic type of transport is auto transport. Through territory of region passes a highway Scandinavia - the Center. The basic directions of freight traffics - Finland, Germany, Sweden.
On density of a transport network the Novgorod area surpasses average indices on the country and is at a level of the most developed areas of Northwest region. The region borrows 8th place by quantity (km) of roads with a firm covering on 1000 inhabitants, advancing in 3 times average Russian’s parameter.
Railways. The trunk-railways which are passing on territory of the region connect it with other regions of Russia, the states CIS, Baltic’s states, the Europe and Scandinavia.
Water transport ways of the region are opened for an output of courts in Baltic and White seas.
Air cargo and passenger transportations are carried out with the Novgorod civil aviation enterprise having park of planes and helicopters.
Bank facilities. The bank sector of area is presented by 2 regional banks, 18 branches, 2 representations both 10 credit-cash and operational offices of nonresident banks. On the Novgorod region there are 3 regional insurance companies, 20 branches of nonresident insurers are registered.
External links
http://region.adm.nov.ru/ - Official website of the Novgorod region