Yaroslavl region
The Yaroslavl region (Yaroslavskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia, which is located in the Central Federal District. The region is situated between Moscow, Vladimir, Vologda, Kostroma, Ivanovo and Tver regions. This geographic location affords the region the advantages of proximity to Moscow and St.Peterburg. Additionally, the administrative center of the region - the city of Yaroslavl - is an intersection of major highways, railroads and waterways.
Overview
- The Yaroslavl region was established on March 11, 1936.
- Region territory: 36,4 thousand km2
- Population: 1320,0 thousand people.
- Administrative center: Yaroslavl
- Distance from Yaroslavl to Moscow: 282 km
- Urban population: 81.5%
- Number of historical and architectural monuments: over 5,000
Time zone
The Yaroslavl region is located in the Moscow Time Zone (MSK/MSD). UTC offset is +3:00 (MSK)/+4:00 (MSD).
Climate
The climate is moderately continental, with snowy winters and a short but rather hot summer. The average long-term temperature in January is -11.2° C (11.84 F); in July -+17.5° C (63.5 F). The average annual precipitation is 520-690 mm. The growing season is 150-170 days.
Natural resources
Hydrologic System. The main and most important natural resource of the Yaroslavl Region is water stock. The territory of the Region is crossed by 4327 rivers whose total length is about 20,000 km. (12,428 miles) while the total area of the local lakes is about 5 000 km2 (50,000 ha). The Yaroslavl Region has 83 lakes; the biggest of them are Nero Lake in Rostov and Pleshcheyevo Lake in Pereslavl-Zalessky, Pleshcheevo, Somino, Vashutinskoe, Chashnikovskoe, Ryumnikovskoe and Lovetskoe lakes are located in the State Natural History Park. These lakes were formed from melting glaciers about 70 000 years ago.
The largest river is the Volga, its extension across the Yaroslavl Region is 340 km. (about 211 miles). It flows through two reservoirs - the Uglich Reservoir and the Rybinsk Reservoir, the largest artificial lake in Central Russia. In addition to being a source of drinking water, local residents like to come here to relax, take part in water sports, and fish.
Forest Resources. Forests comprise another important local resource. The Yaroslavl Region is located within the forest zone of Russia, its northern part lying within the western area of the taiga-type coniferous forests. The forest area of the Yaroslavl Region totals 1,800,000 ha. The average percentage of forest land is 45.3% (about 1 807 300 hectares). The Yaroslavl Region has both primary and secondary timber processing industries.
Fauna. The fauna of the Yaroslavl Region is quite varied and includes about 350 species, such as more than 40 kinds of fish (the carp, the pike, the burbot, the perch, etc.), more than 300 kinds of avifauna (the wild duck, the black grouse, the capercailye, the woodcock) and more than 50 mammals (the elk, the wild boar, the hare, the bear), including roaming game from the neighbouring regions and those specially brought to the local hunting farms. Hunting and fishing are quite popular in the Yaroslavl Region and there is a good potential for expanding the use of the local game and fish resources.
Natural Raw Materials and Fuel-Energy Resources. Among the natural resources of the Yaroslavl Region are sand and gravel, brick earth and haydite raw materials, construction sand, peat and sapropel. There are also oil deposits and prospects of discovering gas fields. There are more than 900 peat fields in the Yaroslavl Region, each with an area of over 10 ha. Their total peat reserves amount to over 250,000,000 tons.
The Yaroslavl Region has 39 lakes with prospected sapropel reserves of over 130,000,000 tons. Nero Lake alone has about 110,000,000 tons. Sapropel is used in raw form as fertilizer, and in processed form as a component in manufacturing rubber and paints and in the oil refining industry.
The explored and blocked-out reserves of multi-purpose low-melting clays and loams, mineral paints, sand and gravel materials amount to over 200,000,000 m3 and to about 80,000,000 m3 of construction sand.
Mineral Waters. There are 7 deposits of subsurface mineral waters of medicinal-table and balneal varieties in the Yaroslavl Region. The most well-known brands are Uglichskaya Mineral Water and Nekrasovskaya Mineral Water. The mineral springs near the Settlement of Nekrasovskoye, located 35 km. (circa 22 miles) from Yaroslavl, are the basis of Bolshiye Sohly Interregional Medical Centre and the Maliye Sohly Sanatorium. Quite popular are the Uglich Sanatorium located in a very picturesque spot on the bend of the Volga and a hospital offering therapeutic bathing treatments in Yaroslavl.
Land Resources. The Yaroslavl Region has 3,617,800 ha of available land. Agricultural lands of all kinds of land tenure comprise 32% of the total land stock of which 70% is arable lands and 29 % - forage croplands and meadowlands. The agricultural land is divided into cultivated land (801 100 hectares), pasture (225 000 hectares), and hayfields (109 400 hectares).
Economy
The Yaroslavl area is included into number of the regions of the country most developed in the industrial attitude. On volume of manufacture of an industrial output the area is included into the first three of regions of the Central district Russian Federation, on a cumulative parameter of a level of social and economic development borrows 11th place in Russia. About 300 Yaroslavl enterprises have federal value and are leaders in the branches. According to rating agency "Expert", the Yaroslavl area on a level of investment risks is on the 4th place, on a parameter of activity and usefulness of the legislation for investors - on the 2d place in Russia.
Main industrial centers: the cities of Yaroslavls, Rybinsk, Tutaev, Uglich. In the beginning of 1990th years the Administration of area had been took a rate on the active external economic and inter-regional policy. Today production of the Yaroslavl enterprises is delivered in 93 countries of the world. The administration of the Yaroslavl area has agreements on the external economic trading activity with the following foreign states: Belarus, Vietnam, Germany, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Montenegro and Estonia.
Investment climate
- The Yaroslavl region has several competitive advantages, which create favorable conditions for attracting investment and constant development. The strategic competitive advantages are:
- Favorable location - close to Moscow and reachable to Saint-Petersburg
- Developed transport, communications and social infrastructure
- Developed financial infrastructure
- Rich industrial, research and economic potential
- Economic and political stability
- Propitious legislative basis for investments and creation of new production enabling investors to invest at a minimum risk
- Qualified intellectual and labor resources
- Precious historic and cultural heritage (under UNESCO protection)
- The Regional Government provides all investors registered and implementing investment projects on the territory of the Yaroslavl region are with the following support:
- Methodological, informational and organizational support at the stage of business planning and search for investors;
- State and legal guarantees at the stage of attracting investors;
- Subventions from the Regional State Budget, including reimbursement of banking credit interest payments, at the stage of attracting credit resources;
- Tax exemptions and investment tax credits as well as preferential rent rates for the usage of the tenements owned by the Yaroslavl region at the stage of initial realization and product release.
The basic branches and the major products
Mechanical engineering is the main industry of area. On it half of all working in the industry and almost 40 % of let out production is necessary. Specialization of mechanical engineering is differs a variety: the electrotechnical industry, chemical and oil mechanical engineering, a machine-tool industry, instrument making, the ship-building industry, diesel engine making, manufacture of road machines.
The chemical and petrochemical industry. Enterprises of the chemical and petrochemical industry make: auto gasoline, diesel fuel and reduced fuel oil, paint and varnish production, plastic and synthetic pitches, products from plastic, synthetic rubbers, trunks, technical carbon, rubber and asbestoses products and photographic production.
Wood and woodworking industry. It is presented by timber cutting, woodworking and the paper industry. Principles of accommodation of the given branch: preparation of a wood - at sources of raw material, and woodworking - in large industrial centers.
Light industry. It is presented textile, sewing, tanning, fur and shoe sub industries.
The Food-processing industry.
It is presented by the starching, flour-grinding, mixed foddering, confectionary, vodka distillery, beer, nonalcoholic, meat-processing and milk-processing enterprises.
Agroindustrial complex - dairy large horned livestock, cultivation of pigs, sheep breeding, poultry farming; plant growing - prevalence of forage crops, grain crops, a potato, commercial crops, main from which flax, chicory, vegetables.
- The largest enterprises of the Region:
- Open Society "Autodiesel engine" (diesel engines)
- Open Society "Yaroslavl tire factory"
- Open Society "Yaroslavl factory of diesel equipment"
- Joint-Stock Company "Rybinsk ship-building factory" (river vessels, pontoons)
- Open Society NPO "Saturn" (aviation engines)
- Open Society "Slavneft - Yaroslavnefteorgsintez" (gasoline, kerosene, fuel, black oil)
- Open Society "Lakokraska" (Yaroslavl)
- Open Society "Russian paints”
- Joint-Stock Company "Balkan star" (cigarettes)
- Open Society "Watch factory "Seagull" (Uglich)
- Open Society "Yarpivo" (beer)
- Open Society "Yaroslavl Broiler" - the largest in the field of an integrated poultry farm.
Infrastructure
Yaroslavl is one of the major transportation depots of European Russia. The transportation system of the Yaroslavl Region is of paramount importance both domestically and internationally, as it manages large amounts of railway, automobile, water, air and pipeline traffic and provides opportunities for mixed-shipping operations.
Railways. Railways play the key role in shipping goods and passengers inside the Yaroslavl Region and in maintaining transport communication with other areas of Russia. The northern branch-line of the Trans-Siberian Railway featuring a railway bridge across the Volga River, leading towards Arkhanghelsk, Vorkuta, the Northern Urals and Siberia, lies across the territory of the Yaroslavl Region. The route miles of the local railway network total more than 650 km (circa 404 miles). The annual turnover of goods is over 17,000,000 tons.
The local railway network provides both internal and transit transport communication between Central Russia and the northern, north-eastern and eastern regions of this country. The main railway junctions are Yaroslavl, Danilov and Rybinsk. Yaroslavl also has a number of railway service facilities: Electric Locomotive-Repair Plant, Car-Repair Plant and Bridge Truss Building Plant.
Highways. The Ì8 Federal Route (Moscow-Kholmogory) with a Yaroslavl-Kostroma side route from is the backbone of the local highway system providing reliable communication between Central and Northern Russia. The Yaroslavl Region maintains road-transport communication with all the neighboring regions. All the near-boundary districts of the Yaroslavl Region are connected by motor-transport roads.
The total length of roads for common use in the Yaroslavl Region is about 8,000 km (circa 4970 miles). The Region has a large stock of cars working belonging to companies of different ownership patterns. The local motor transport ships about 11,000,000 tons of goods annually. The year 2004 witnessed a major reconstruction of Yaroslavl Bus Station completed while in 2006 a new highway bridge across the Volga River was launched.
Water Transport. The backbone of the Yaroslavl Region's navigable network is the Volga River, the most important water-way of the unified deep-water water-transport system functioning in European Russia. Navigation is also carried out along the lower reaches of the small rivers flowing into the Volga and the Rybinsk Reservoir. The total length of the internal water-way network exceeds 800 km (circa 500 miles).
Cargo can pass through the Baltic Sea by river and canal to the Rybinsk inland sea and then via the Volga to Yaroslavl. By using the Volga-Don River Canal System cargo can travel south to the Black Sea and to the Mediterranean.
The main ports are Yaroslavl, Rybinsk and Uglich, featuring up-to-date handling machinery providing complete mechanization of all handling processes. The total annual volume of commodities shipped by the local water transport is over 5,000,000 tons. The navigation period lasts 200-220 days a year.
Air Transport. Both domestic passenger and international cargo airlines function in the Yaroslavl region. There is a possibility of integration into European air corridors, specifically into the Helsinki - St. Petersburg - Moscow air corridor allowing access to Northern Russia, Siberia and the Far East.
Tunoshna Airport OJSC is registered by Russian Federal Service of Air Transport and has all the hardware, equipment, facilities and trained personnel necessary to operate many types of aircraft. In order to provide passenger and cargo traffic for the region and the neighboring regions the airport is now capable of dispatching as many as 70 passengers per hour, receiving 15-17 aircraft daily as well as dispatching and receiving 150 tons of various international freights.
Tunoshna Airport is capable of relieving the Moscow airports and arranging air transportation of commodities to and from the four neighboring areas: the Vologda, the Kostroma, the Ivanovo and the Tver Regions. The international status of Tunoshna Airport allows it to participate in developing international tourism.
Yaroslavl Aviation OJSC has a stock of ME-2 and ME-8 helicopters and AN-2 planes as well as all the ground service facilities necessary to provide air traffic in compliance with the requirements of the State Civil Aviation Service and the RF Transport Ministry. This airline services natural gas field workings and gas pipelines in the north of Russia.
Communications. All kinds of telephone communications, including analog, digital and mobile, radio, television and computer networks, function in the Yaroslavl Region. The new network has already been coupled with the existing networks. At present a regional road industry command-and-control system is being organized on the basis of GSM cellular communications as well as a road accidents announcement system.
Developed financial infrastructure. More than 40 banks and affiliates, including 9 regional institutions, are registered and function in the Yaroslavl Region.
There are also a number of out-of-town banks and lending agencies, such as affiliates of Severny Bank of RF Sberbank, Vneshtorgbank, Bank of Moscow, Impeksbank, Alphabank, Severgazbank to name just a few.
There are 7 regional insurance companies and 27 affiliates of some leading Russian insurance companies, such as ASKO Medical Insurance Ltd., TEST-JASO CJSC, Arsenal Medical Insurance OJSC, Ecofund Insurance CJSC, Rosgosstrakh-Centre Ltd., Military Insurance OJSC, Spasskiye Vorota Insurance CJSC, Soglasiye Insurance Ltd., RESO-Guarantee Insurance OJSC and a number of others. There are more than 100 evaluative organizations, about 40 companies providing auditing and consulting services, over 40 leasing companies in the Yaroslavl region.
External links
http://www.adm.yar.ru/english/ - Official website of the Yaroslavl region